I have used a 32Gb USB stick with my Sam440ep which was preformated by the manufacturer with vfat I think it was. Mounted without a problem as soon as I plugged it in.
Besides FAT, you can read and write EXT2 with EXT2Filesystem available on aminet. Works great for my Linuxpartition I have on my SAM. NTFS can be read, but not written to. Cannot remember how that one was called, check Aminet. Did not test it on OS4.x though. I've got it running on my OS3.9 based MediaCenter in order to read NTFS formated USB Harddrives with MP3 on it... It is a bit hard to mount it with poseidon...
You can share with Linux using FFS - mount it on the Linux side as affs.
The Linux affs doesn't support the new AmigaOS 4.x long name formats (DOS\6 and DOS\7), and since affs has several bugs you should use a special DOS\3 ("International Fast FileSystem") partition only for that anyway, to be able to reformat it without losing important data.
For USB devices, it is, I think. At least, it was 'till AOS4.1 (not tested with update 1 or 2, though) because that 68k-Filestystem for EXT2 and NTFS need TD64 support and AOS4 is using a different approach?
I regularly use the EXT2Filesystem (not the NTFS). Unfortunately, the author has enabled a lot of debug message in his release (read the readme) which makes EXT2 on AOS4 really slow. Even coping data from a EXT2-USB-Harddisk to RAM: causes an almost full load (>80-90%) on a 1 GHz PegasosII machine.
Be carefull. Suffering datas lost on FAT32 medias (OCZ 16gb FAT32 key).
The problem I have with using a USB flash drive/key is corruption of the data on the stick when I delete anything on AOS4.
I can read and write to the stick, and everything remains intact, and I can transfer files to my IMac. As soon as I delete anything, the usb stick is corrupted. The system doesn't crash, so no crashlog is generated.
i have to reformat the stick and start from blank, again.